Sergei Prokudin-Gorsky (1863-1944) was a photographer who devoted his life to developing color photography. Educated as a chemist, he studied in Russia, Germany, and France. Several years ago when I had more time to browse my town’s public library, I ran across a coffee table book entitled Photographs for the Tsar: The Pioneering Color Photography of Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II. Sadly, it is out of print, but it can be purchased at the rare bookseller Alibris.com.
On opening Photographs for the Tsar and seeing color photos of old Russia before the revolution and communism engulfed everything, I thought, ‘This has to be fake. There was no color photography a century ago or less.’ How wrong I was. Before Prokudin-Gorsky pioneered his technique, there had been other attempts at creating color photographs even in the latter part of the 1800s.
Prokudin-Gorsky’s research in color photography led to patents in color film slides and motion pictures. Sometime around 1905, he decided to embark on an ambitious project of documenting the entire Russian Empire in still color photographs. His hope was that the pictures could be used as an educational tool for Russian school children. Prokudin-Gorsky went to Tsar Nicholas II with his idea. Of course, Nicholas was taken by the idea and eagerly decided to finance the project since he and his family were avid amateur photographers taking perhaps hundreds of private photos in their spare time. The train on which Prokudin-Gorsky traveled was outfitted with a darkroom. He was given special permits to travel whenever he liked to capture his images.
Prokudin-Gorsky apparently never saw the final finished product of his work because his color photography technique was nothing like ours. It was a complex and time consuming process of taking a photograph three times in rapid succession using red, green, and blue filters which were put on glass plates. How he undertook his technique can be read at Making Color Images from Prokudin-Gorskii's Negatives.

Here is the same image in high resolution.
Prokudin-Gorsky finally left Russia in 1918, eventually settling in Paris where he died. In 1948 the US Library of Congress purchased the glass plates of his work from his heirs. Years later in 2001 the Library of Congress held an exhibition of Prokudin-Gorsky’s work. It was called The Empire That Was Russia. The images on the original glass plates were scanned and digitally reproduced.The entire collection of Prokudin-Gorsky’s work can be viewed here on The Library of Congress website. Just type in a topic in “Search” or go to “Preview: All the Images.” The thumbnails can be clicked on and enlarged. Some of the images in high resolution can be found here on Wikipedia Commons.
For those like myself who is fascinated by Tsarist Russia, take your time and enjoy.














